Chinese Paper Cutting: Jianzhi and Festival Decorations

Chinese paper cutting (剪纸, jianzhi) is one of the most popular folk arts in China — a tradition of cutting decorative images from red paper that is central to Chinese New Year and other celebrations. Paper cuts are hung on doors and windows to bring good luck, ward off evil spirits, and celebrate the seasons. This art form, with roots stretching back to the Han Dynasty, has been designated an Intangible Cultural Heritage of China.

Techniques and Styles

Paper cutting is done by folding red paper (or other colors) and cutting with scissors or knives. The most intricate cuts are made without drawing a pattern first — the cutter visualizes the completed design and cuts freehand. Regional styles vary: the bold cuts of northern China versus the delicate works of southern China.

Symbolism

Paper cut designs are rich with symbolism: fish (鱼) represents abundance; dragons represent power; phoenixes represent renewal; the character "fu" represents good fortune. The most famous paper cuts depict the double happiness (囍) symbol for weddings and the "three blessings" (福禄寿) for longevity, wealth, and good health.