Tibetan Buddhism: Sacred Sites of the Roof of the World

Tibetan Buddhism, also known as Vajrayana or Lamaism, is a form of Mahayana Buddhism unique to the Tibetan plateau and Himalayan regions. Its rich tradition of monasteries, sacred mountains, and pilgrimages offers a profound spiritual experience.

Major Monasteries

The great monasteries of Sera, Drepung, and Ganden near Lhasa once housed tens of thousands of monks. Jokhang Temple in Lhasa is the most sacred temple in Tibet, where pilgrims circumambulate daily. Kumbum Monastery near Xining is a major center of the Gelugpa school.

Sacred Mountains

Mount Kailash in western Tibet is the most sacred mountain in multiple religions: Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Bon. Pilgrims circle the mountain in a 52-kilometer kora. Four rivers originate from the mountain: the Sutlej, Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra.

Pilgrimage Culture

Pilgrimage is central to Tibetan Buddhist practice. Devotees perform kora, circumambulating sacred sites clockwise. They prostrate themselves full-length along the path. The pilgrimage season runs from spring to autumn. Witnessing these practices is moving even for non-believers.

Tangka Art

Tibetan Buddhist painting is one of the most sophisticated sacred art traditions in the world. Thanka paintings depict deities, mandalas, and historical scenes in meticulous detail. The pigments are made from minerals and plants. A single large thankha can take years to complete.

Experiencing Tibetan Buddhism

Visitors to Tibetan regions can witness morning prayers, public debates among monks, and evening ceremonies. Major festivals like Losar (New Year) and Shoton (Yogurt) offer spectacular displays of monastic dance and music. Respectful behavior at temples is essential.