Zhouzhuang: China's First Water Town Open to Tourism

Zhouzhuang, in Jiangsu Province about 30 kilometers southeast of Suzhou, was the first Chinese water town opened to international tourism. Founded over 900 years ago, it pioneered the preservation and promotion of Jiangnan water-town culture. While its fame brings crowds, its early start also means it has the most developed tourism infrastructure and some of the finest preserved architecture.

Double Bridge

Zhouzhuang's most iconic image is the Double Bridge — two ancient stone bridges at right angles, one square and one round, forming the shape of an ancient Chinese key. Painted by the artist Chen Yifei in 1982, the image was reproduced on UN stamps and launched Zhouzhuang's international fame. The bridge is the town's most photographed spot.

Zhang Hall and Shen Hall

Zhouzhuang's grandest residences are Zhang Hall and Shen Hall. Zhang Hall, built in the Ming Dynasty, features a canal flowing through its rear garden, allowing boats to deliver goods directly to the house. Shen Hall, built by the wealthy merchant Shen Wansan in the Qing Dynasty, has over 100 rooms and covers 2,000 square meters. Its woodcarvings, brickwork, and painted decorations are among the finest in Jiangnan.

Shen Wansan Legend

Shen Wansan, a 14th-century merchant, was allegedly the richest man in China during the early Ming Dynasty. Legend says he financed one-third of the Ming capital Nanjing's city walls. His wealth aroused the emperor's jealousy, and he was exiled. Zhouzhuang claims him as its most famous resident; his descendant's house is now a museum.

Nanhu Lake and South Lake Garden

On Zhouzhuang's southern edge, Nanhu Lake provides a broader water landscape. The South Lake Garden, with its pavilions, bridges, and lotus ponds, is a peaceful retreat from the crowded streets. The Quanfu Temple, overlooking the lake, dates to the Song Dynasty.

Boat Rides

Traditional black-awning boats, rowed by local women in blue calico clothing, ply the canals. The boats pass under ancient bridges and along streets lined with willow trees. Boatmen sing traditional songs, adding atmosphere. Rides last 20–30 minutes and cover the main waterways.

Local Specialties

Zhouzhuang is known for Wansan pork shank, named after Shen Wansan — braised until the meat falls from the bone. Other specialties include river shrimp, whitebait, and "three-delicacy" dumplings. Teahouses along the canals serve refreshments with water views.

Practical Tips

Zhouzhuang is about 1 hour from Shanghai or Suzhou by bus. It is the most visited water town; early morning and evening are the best times to avoid crowds. An entrance ticket covers the Old Town and major attractions. Overnight stays allow you to experience the town after tour groups depart. Spring and autumn are ideal.