Mohism: The Philosophy of Universal Love
Introduction
Mohism, founded by Mozi (470-391 BCE), represents one of the major philosophical schools of ancient China, offering a distinctive approach to ethics, politics, and social harmony.
Core Teaching: Universal Love
The central doctrine of Mohism is jian ai, often translated as 'universal love' or 'impartial care.' Unlike Confucian ethics, which begins with partial love for family, Mohism advocates equal concern for all people without distinction.
Arguments for Universal Love
Mozi argued that universal love produces mutual benefit and social harmony, while partiality leads to conflict. He demonstrated this through logical argument and historical examples.
Meritocracy
Mohists advocated for meritocratic governance, selecting officials based on ability rather than birth. This approach challenged aristocratic privilege and influenced later political thought.
Opposition to War
Mohists strictly opposed offensive warfare, developing defensive military techniques to help states resist aggression. This pacifist stance set them apart from other philosophical schools.